Page 14 - 2021 Policy Watch

Policy Watch: A Milestone in Legal Development: China Promulgates a Civil Code

1. Contracts 1. 鍚堝悓缂�
There are 526 articles in the chapter on contracts in the
Civil Code19. In the general provisions, the Civil Code 銆婃皯娉曞吀銆嬪悎鍚岀紪鍏辨湁526鏉�19銆傘€婃皯娉曞吀銆嬪湪
has added the mandatory contract system, the prelimi- 閫氬垯閮ㄥ垎澧炲姞浜嗗己鍒剁紨绾﹀埗搴︺€侀绾﹀悎鍚屽埗搴︺€�
nary contract system and the standard clause system, 鏍煎紡鏉℃鍒跺害绛夛紝鑰屽垎鍒欓儴鍒嗗湪鐜拌鍚堝悓娉曡瀹�
while in specific provisions, in addition to the 15 typi- 鐨勪拱鍗栧悎鍚屻€佺璧佸悎鍚屻€佸€熸鍚堝悓銆佽繍杈撳悎鍚岀瓑
cal contracts, such as purchase and sales contracts, lease 15绉嶅吀鍨嬪悎鍚岀殑鍩虹涓婏紝銆婃皯娉曞吀銆嬪鍔犺瀹氫簡
contracts, loan contracts and transportation contracts 淇濊瘉鍚堝悓銆佷繚鐞嗗悎鍚屻€佺墿涓氭湇鍔″悎鍚屻€佸悎浼欏悎鍚�
provided in the current Contract Law, the Civil Code 绛�4绉嶅吀鍨嬪悎鍚屻€傛湰鏂囧厛鎺㈣寮哄埗缂旂害鍒跺害銆侀
adds 4 more typical contracts: guarantee contracts, fac- 绾﹀悎鍚屽埗搴﹀強鏍煎紡鏉℃鍒跺害锛岀劧鍚庡杩欎簺鍚堝悓杩�
toring contracts, property service contracts and part- 琛屽叿浣撳垎鏋愩€�
nership contracts. We shall discuss these contracts af-
ter we deal with the mandatory contract system, the a. 寮哄埗缂旂害鍒跺害
preliminary contract system and the standard clause
system. 寮哄埗缂旂害鍒跺害寤虹珛鐨勪富瑕佺洰鐨勬槸淇濇姢寮卞娍缇や綋鐨�
a. Mandatory Contract System 鍒╃泭锛屼絾鐢变簬寮哄埗缂旂害鍒跺害杩濆弽浜嗗悎鍚岀殑鑷効鎬�
The mandatory contract system primarily aims to pro- 鍘熷垯锛屽繀椤诲湪娉曞緥娉曡闄愬畾鏄庣‘瑙勫畾鐨勬儏褰笅鎵�
tect the interests of disadvantaged groups. However, 鑳戒娇鐢ㄣ€傚熀浜庢锛屽悎鍚岀紪瑙勫畾锛屼緷鐓ф硶寰嬨€佽鏀�
since the mandatory contract system violates the prin- 娉曡鐨勮瀹氳礋鏈夊彂鍑鸿绾︿箟鍔＄殑褰撲簨浜猴紝搴斿綋鍙�
ciple of freedom of contract, the use of such system 鏃跺彂鍑哄悎鐞嗙殑瑕佺害銆備緷鐓ф硶寰嬨€佽鏀挎硶瑙勭殑瑙勫畾
must be subject to limiting conditions specified by 璐熸湁浣滃嚭鎵胯涔夊姟鐨勫綋浜嬩汉锛屼笉寰楁嫆缁濆鏂瑰悎鐞�
laws and regulations. Therefore, it provides that a party 鐨勮绔嬪悎鍚岃姹傘€�
obliged to make an offer under laws and administrative
regulations shall, in a timely manner, make a reason- 褰撲簨浜鸿礋鏈夊己鍒剁紨绾︿箟鍔＄殑鎯呭舰涓昏鏈変袱绉嶏細
able offer. A party obliged to accept an offer under laws
and administrative regulations shall not reject a reason- i. 鍏叡鏈嶅姟浼佷笟鐨勫己鍒剁紨绾︿箟鍔°€備负淇濋殰浜烘皯
able offer from the other party. 鐨勫熀鏈敓娲婚渶瑕侊紝鍚堝悓缂栫殑鐢点€佹按銆佹皵銆佺儹鍔涘悎
Parties are obliged to enter into contracts in two main 鍚岃瀹氾紝鍚戠ぞ浼氬叕浼椾緵鐢点€佹按銆佸ぉ鐒舵皵銆佺儹鍔涚殑
circumstances: 鎻愪緵鑰咃紝涓嶅緱鎷掔粷浣跨敤浜哄悎鐞嗙殑璁㈢珛鍚堝悓瑕佹眰20
i. that such party is a public service company with obli- 銆傝繍杈撳悎鍚岃瀹氾紝浠庝簨鍏叡杩愯緭鐨勬壙杩愪汉涓嶅緱鎷�
gations of mandatory contract. In order to ensure peo- 缁濇梾瀹€€佹墭杩愪汉閫氬父銆佸悎鐞嗙殑杩愯緭瑕佹眰21锛屽強
ple鈥檚 basic living requirements, this chapter of contract
provides that the suppliers of electricity, water, gas and ii. 瀹屾垚鍥藉璁㈣揣浠诲姟鐨勫己鍒剁紨绾︿箟鍔°€傚浗瀹�
heat to the public shall not reject a user鈥檚 reasonable 鏍规嵁鎶㈤櫓鏁戠伨銆佺柅鎯呴槻鎺х瓑闇€瑕佷笅杈惧浗瀹惰璐т换
鍔°€佹寚浠ゆ€т换鍔＄殑锛屾湁鍏虫皯浜嬩富浣撳簲褰撲緷鐓ф湁鍏�
19 Compared to the Contract Law, 136 articles are added, 37 are 娉曞緥銆佽鏀挎硶瑙勮瀹氱殑鏉冨埄涔夊姟璁㈢珛鍚堝悓22銆備緥
removed, and 153 are amended. 濡傦紝鍦ㄨ繖娆℃柊鍐犵梾姣掔柅鎯呮湡闂达紝涓轰簡淇濊瘉闃茬柅鐗�

14 19 涓庣幇琛屻€婂悎鍚屾硶銆嬬浉姣旓紝澧炲姞浜�136鏉★紝鍒犻櫎浜�37
鏉★紝淇敼浜�153鏉�
20 銆婃皯娉曞吀銆嬬鍏櫨鍥涘崄鍏潯鍜岀鍏櫨浜斿崄鍏潯
21 銆婃皯娉曞吀銆嬬鍏櫨涓€鍗佹潯
22 銆婃皯娉曞吀銆嬬鍥涚櫨涔濆崄鍥涙潯