Page 15 - 2021 Policy Watch
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The American Chamber of Commerce in South China
request for contracting.20 An article regarding transpor- 璧勭殑绱ф€ヤ緵搴旓紝淇濇姢绀句細鍏紬鐨勭敓鍛藉仴搴凤紝鍥藉
tation contracts states that a carrier engaged in public 鍙互鍚戠敓浜ч槻鎶ゆ湇鎴栬€呭懠鍚告満鐨勪紒涓氫笅杈惧己鍒惰
transportation shall not refuse the normal and reason- 璐т换鍔★紝寮哄埗璁㈢珛杩欑被涔板崠鍚堝悓锛屽師鍒欎笂浼佷笟涓�
able carriage request of a passenger or consignor;21 and 寰楁嫆缁濊绔嬭繖绫诲悎鍚屻€�
ii. that such party has a mandatory obligation to en- b. 棰勭害鍚堝悓鍒跺害
ter into a contract to undertake national orders. When
the State issues national orders and directive tasks in 棰勭害鍚堝悓鏄寚褰撲簨浜哄弻鏂圭害瀹氬湪鏈潵涓€瀹氭湡闄愬唴
an emergency for disaster relief, epidemic prevention 璁㈢珛鍚堝悓鐨勫崗璁紝鏄箍娉涢噰鐢ㄧ殑涓€绉嶅悎鍚岀殑璁㈢珛
and control, the relevant civil subjects shall conclude 鏂瑰紡锛屽璁よ喘涔︺€佽璐功銆佸晢鍝佹埧棰勮鍗忚涔�
contracts in accordance with the rights and obligations 绛夈€�
set forth in relevant laws and administrative regula-
tions.22 For example, during the outbreak of Covid-19, 鍘熷厛鐨勩€婂悎鍚屾硶銆嬫湭瀵归绾﹀悎鍚屽仛鍑鸿瀹氾紝浣嗗湪
in order to ensure the emergency supply of epidemic 銆婁拱鍗栧悎鍚屽徃娉曡В閲娿€�23绗簩鏉¤瀹氣€滃綋浜嬩汉绛�
prevention materials and safeguard the public lives and 璁㈣璐功銆佽璐功銆侀璁功銆佹剰鍚戜功銆佸蹇樺綍绛�
health, the State may issue mandatory orders to com- 棰勭害鍚堝悓锛岀害瀹氬湪灏嗘潵涓€瀹氭湡闄愬唴璁㈢珛涔板崠鍚�
panies that manufacture protective clothing or ventila- 鍚岋紝涓€鏂逛笉灞ヨ璁㈢珛涔板崠鍚堝悓鐨勪箟鍔★紝瀵规柟璇�
tors and force them to enter into such purchase and 姹傝涓嶅饱琛屾柟鎵挎媴棰勭害鍚堝悓杩濈害璐ｄ换鎴栬€呰姹傝В
sale contracts. In principle, companies shall not refuse 闄ら绾﹀悎鍚屽苟涓诲紶鎹熷璧斿伩鐨勶紝浜烘皯娉曢櫌搴斾簣鏀�
to enter into such contracts. 鎸併€傗€濄€婃皯娉曞吀銆嬪悎鍚岀紪灏嗛绾﹀悎鍚屽埗搴︾殑鑼冨洿
浠庝拱鍗栧悎鍚屾墿澶у埌鎵€鏈夌殑鍚堝悓锛岃瀹氫簡褰撲簨浜虹害
b. Preliminary Contract System 瀹氬湪灏嗘潵涓€瀹氭湡闄愬唴璁㈢珛鍚堝悓鐨勮璐功銆佽璐�
涔︺€侀璁功绛夛紝鏋勬垚棰勭害鍚堝悓銆傚綋浜嬩汉涓€鏂逛笉灞�
A preliminary contract is an agreement where the par- 琛岄绾﹀悎鍚岀害瀹氱殑璁㈢珛鍚堝悓涔夊姟鐨勶紝瀵规柟鍙互璇�
ties agree to conclude a contract by a certain time in 姹傚叾鎵挎媴棰勭害鍚堝悓鐨勮繚绾﹁矗浠汇€�
the future. It is a kind of contract formation method
widely used in subscriptions, purchase orders, com- c. 鏍煎紡鏉℃鍒跺害
mercial housing reservation agreements, etc.
銆婃皯娉曞吀銆嬫墿澶т簡鏍煎紡鏉℃鎻愮ず鍜岃鏄庝箟鍔＄殑閫�
The previous Contract Law did not set forth provisions 鐢ㄨ寖鍥淬€傞噰鐢ㄦ牸寮忔潯娆剧殑涓€鏂归櫎浜嗛渶瑕佹彁绀哄師鏉�
for a preliminary contract. However, Judicial Interpre- 銆婂悎鍚屾硶銆嬭瀹氱殑鎻愮ず鍏嶉櫎鎴栬€呴檺鍒惰矗浠荤殑鏉℃
tation of Purchase and Sales Contract23, Article 2 reads: 澶栵紝瀵规墍鏈変笌瀵规柟鏈夐噸澶у埄瀹冲叧绯荤殑鏉℃閮藉簲褰�
鈥渋f a party signs a preliminary contract such as a sub- 灞ヨ鎻愮ず鍜岃鏄庝箟鍔°€備粈涔堟槸閲嶅ぇ鍒╁鍏崇郴鏉�
scription, purchase order, reservation, letter of intent, 娆撅紵銆婃皯娉曞吀銆嬬鍥涚櫨涓冨崄鏉¤瀹氫簡鍚堝悓涓€鑸簲
memorandum, and agrees to conclude a sales and pur- 鍖呮嫭鐨勬潯娆俱€備竴鑸潵璇达紝璇ユ潯鍒椾妇鐨勬爣鐨勩€佹暟
chase contract by a certain time in the future, but ei- 閲忋€佽川閲忋€佷环娆炬垨鑰呮姤閰€佸饱琛屾湡闄愩€佸湴鐐瑰拰鏂�
ther party fails to perform its obligation to conclude 寮忋€佽繚绾﹁矗浠汇€佽В鍐充簤璁殑鏂规硶绛夋潯娆惧潎灞炰簬涓�
such sales and purchase contract, the other party may 瀵规柟鏈夐噸澶у埄瀹冲叧绯荤殑鏉℃銆備釜鍒硶寰嬩腑涔熻閲�
request the non-performing party to assume liability 澶у埄瀹冲叧绯绘潯娆剧殑瑙勫畾锛屼緥濡傦紝娑堣垂鍚堝悓涓粡钀�
for breach of preliminary contract, or request termina- 鑰呭簲褰撲互鏄捐憲鏂瑰紡鎻愯娑堣垂鑰呮敞鎰忓晢鍝佹垨鑰呮湇鍔�
tion of the preliminary contract, and claim damages. A 鐨勬暟閲忓拰璐ㄩ噺銆佷环娆炬垨鑰呰垂鐢ㄣ€佸饱琛屾湡闄愬拰鏂�
people鈥檚 court shall sustain such request鈥�. The chapter 寮忋€佸畨鍏ㄦ敞鎰忎簨椤瑰拰椋庨櫓璀︾ず銆佸敭鍚庢湇鍔°€佹皯浜�
on contracts in the Civil Code extends the scope of the 璐ｄ换绛�24銆�
20 Civil Code, Article 648 and Article 656 鎻愪緵鏍煎紡鏉℃鐨勪竴鏂规湭灞ヨ鎻愮ず鍜岃鏄庝箟鍔＄殑锛�
21 Civil Code, Article 810 鐩稿鏂规湁鏉冧富寮犺鏍煎紡鏉℃涓嶆垚涓哄悎鍚屽唴瀹圭殑涓€
22 Civil Code, Article 494 閮ㄥ垎锛岃€岄潪鍘熷厛銆婂悎鍚屾硶銆嬬殑鎾ら攢銆�
23 The Judicial Interpretation of Purchase and Sales Contracts, refers
to the Interpretation by the Supreme People鈥檚 Court on Issues of Ap- 23 銆婁拱鍗栧悎鍚屽徃娉曡В閲娿€嬬殑鍏ㄧО涓恒€婃渶楂樹汉姘戞硶闄㈠叧浜�
plicable Laws for Review of Disputed Cases regarding Purchase and 瀹＄悊涔板崠鍚堝悓绾犵悍妗堜欢閫傜敤娉曞緥闂鐨勮В閲娿€�
Sales Contracts 24 銆婃秷璐硅€呮潈鐩婁繚鎶ゆ硶銆嬬浜屽崄鍏潯绗竴娆�
15
