Page 69 - 2018 White Paper on the Business Environment in China
P. 69
The American Chamber of Commerce in South China
1.4 ???è¯???¹æ?
??? ç»??ä¹???ºå??·ç?ç»??ï¼??ä¸??ç»??å¢??大é??????
èµ??ç§?´¯ï¼?????¨è?ç´??产ç???????å°±æ?说ï?ä¸??
?¨ç??????¹´?¶é????ä¸??ä»???????è´?©·???å®? ä¸???¶æ????æµ??å±??è¦???¹æ??¨è?ç´??产ç?ï¼????
è½????¸ºç¬??大ç?æµ??????½æ?èµ??ä»??ä¸??ç»? ???ç»??å¢??å¼??????¨ç?产ç????é«???¨å??????
æµ???¿ç????ç»???¨å?ï¼??ä¸?????ä½?????å¢??产ç? ?©ç????å°???³é?è¦??è¿?????æ±??ä¸?æ¥æ?é«???¥æ°´
??¤§å½±å????份é??·å½±??????ç©¶è????示ï??½æ?ä¼?? å¹³ç?ç»??ä½??é¡»é?对ç???大æ????ä¸???¸ºäº???°æ???
??·¥ç¼ºä?å·¥ä??¨å?ï¼???´ç?产ç?è¾??ï¼???¨å?è½?§»?°ç? ä¸??å¹´ç???»å¢??ï¼?¸?½ä?ä½??è¦??é«????°´å¹³å?äº?
?¥é??¨å?ï¼??产ç?å¾??大å?åº???? (Zheng et al.)??? ???????????è¦??è¡??æ²»æ??©ï?è½???¿å?è§??ï¼??
大é???????ä¸??20ä¸?ºª90年代ä¸?????è¡??ç§???? ?°ç?æµ??å±??平衡????°ç?æµ??å±??平衡??è¦???¨å?
ä½???¹é?ï¼?????100å¤?º¿å®¶ä??????21ä¸?ºª???30 ??ï¼?½¿?½å?æ¶?´¹???èµ????åº???ºå????è¿???£ï?ç»?
ä¸??å·?? (Yueh)???2012å¹´ï?ä»???±é??¨å?ç§???? æµ??å¿?????????¡ä? (?????´¸?????) è½?§»ï¼??
?¨è½¬ç§»ç?èµ??对ä¸?½å????产æ?»å?¼ç?è´¡ç???º¦ä¸?8%?? å¿??å¸??è¿??以æ?é«???¥æ°´å¹³ï?ä¿???´å?é¢??对å?å¼?
??20ä¸?ºª90年代ä¸????»¥?¥ï?å¤???´æ???????èµ?? ?¾è??±å?ï¼??è¿?ººæ°??è¿??æ¥å???????å®??以ä???
ä¸??????¾¾?½å?建ç?ç»????³»??å¸????º¢?ºæ?åº????? ???ä¸??ä¹??è¦???°å?è§??åº??æ³???¶åº¦????¨ã??¸
???ä¸??ç»???¾é????è¦???¨å?ä¹???????¼¦???æ²»ç? ?½æ?åº???¶ä???¤§??????ä¸?????è¶??è¶???½å?å¤?
æµ???¢æ???º¦ç¿°â?¢è??¢é??? (John Van Reenen) ???äº? æ°??ä¼??认为??·±èº???????¹³???äº??å¢????让人
大å?ç»??å??座æ????è¾¾â?¢å²³ (Linda Yueh) ???ç©¶ï?å¦? ä»??å§?????¸?½å??ºç????以å?ä¸??è·¨è???¸ç????
??²¡??¸å¤??èµ??ä¸???¥è?????½¬ç§»ï?ä»??èµ?????ä¸? ?½å??·è?????½å????è°???¸ç???¥å?å®¶é??±â?????
???ï¼?¸?½å????产æ?»å?¼å¹´???????½æ?å®??å¹´å???? ???ä¸??æµ??人å??¶å?è¾¾å?ä¸???¶å?æ°´å¹³???ç»????
0.43??1ä¸??????????º¢?ºæ?åº??对ç???????模仿 å±??å§??ç¼???³å?æ»???¸?½è?????¶ä?为ç?æµ??级大
???è¦????º§?? (TFP) ???????½å?ä¸??ä¹???°ä???? ?½ç?æ½??ï¼????è¦???©é©±?¨ç?产å??????¾®è§??æµ??
äº???´ã????????ä¾???????????æ? (???äº???½æ? ç´??ä¹??è¦?¤§å¹?º¦è°??å½?????è§??æµ???? (Yueh)??
èµ?) ?¨å????è¦????º§????½å???º§?»å?¼å????è´¡ç???
çº?¸º5-14% (Van Reenen and Yueh)?? ??1978å¹´æ??©å??¾ä»¥?¥ï?ä¸??ç»??ä»?????æµ??
?¶è½¬???å¸??ç»??ä½??ï¼???°ä?ç»??社ä???¿«???å±???
ä¸??ç»??å¢???´å???è¿??å¹´ä??¶ä»¥?³å?å¯????¸º ä¸????¹´??????产æ?»å?¼å????å¹´ä?????¥è?10%??
主ï??ºå?èµ?????æ°´å¹³å¾???????©¶äººå?ä¼°è?ï¼?¸?? æ°´å¹³ï¼?¸º???以æ?ä¸??ä¸?¤§???æµ??å®?????å¿??ç»??
?½å???º§?»å?¼å??¿çº¦??10%-20%???å½??äº???¨å? ???å¹¶ä?å¸????º¿å¤?ºº?£æ??±ä?è´????¸?½å?2015å¹?
å¢??ï¼?º¦??????å½??äº????§¯ç´????????·¥äº? (?³äºº å®??äº??????????¹´??????ï¼???¨ç???¹´??????
?????) 对å????产æ?»å?¼ç?è´¡ç???????é¡»æ?æ¸?????? ????°ä??ºä???¤§è´¡ç?????¶è?2012年以?¥ä¸?½ç?ç»?
?¢è?ä¹???³å?????¿å¹¶ä¸??ä»???°é?å¢??ï¼???¨å??? æµ????????¾ç?ï¼????????????????¡¡???令人
è´¨é?ä¹???³é?è¦???????å®¶è?为ï?ä¾?????ç¨?º¦??? ?©ç???¸?½ä???2008å¹´å????????ºä»¥?¥å?ä¸??ç»??
?????°´å¹³è?æ¥é©±?¨ç?ç»??å¢???´å??½æ?ç»???ºº??? è´¡ç???大ç??½å???????ä¸??ä¾?????ä¸??å±?¸?½å?ï¼?
???ä¸??ç»??å¢????´¡?????11%??15%ä¹?????å°? 人å??¶å?æ°´å¹³ä»??ä½????¾¾?½å?ï¼???ºå??¹é?ä¹?????
???ï¼??ç´?§¯ç´? (èµ??????¨å?) ??????产æ?»å?¼å??? ??????§ä¸?½ç?????½å??¶è´«???ï¼?2015å¹´ä¸?½ä???
?????º¦ä¸?60%-70%??»¼??????è§??ä»?1979å¹´å? ???è´??人å?5500ä¸?ºº???æµ?¿«???å±??å¸??äº??å¤?
2004å¹´ï?ä¸??å¹´å?人å?产å? (Output per Worker) å¢? ?¶ä????ï¼??å¦??å¹³ç??????¿«???å¸?????å¢????»
??¸º7.3%ï¼??ä¸?3.2ä¸??????¥è?èµ??ç§?´¯ï¼?3.6ä¸?? ?§å?å¤??失衡ç???¸?½ä???¸´??人å????????½å??³å?
????¥è??¨è?ç´??产ç???20ä¸?ºª90年代???ä¸??å¼?å§? ????¨æ??¢ç??????¸ºäº???°å???»???æµ???¿ï?ä¸?
å®???©å¤§å¯¹å?å¼??¾æ?ç????2012年人??º§?ºå????é«? ?½é?è¦??è¡?¤§å¹?º¦???ç???´ã???éª??示ï?ä»?¸ç??
??8.5%ï¼????è¶£ç????èµ??ç§?´¯è´¡ç??????4.2ä¸?? ?¥å?é«???¥å?å®¶è?渡ï??¾åº¦ä¼?¤§äº??ä½???¥å?ä¸????
???ï¼??è¿???¨è?ç´??产ç???´¡????»¥ä¸?¼°ç®?¡¨??? ?¥å?å®¶è?渡ã??¸?½ç????äº??????? (2011å¹?2015
ä¸??ç»??å¢??çº??ä¸????å½??äº????§¯ç´????ä»??ç©? å¹?) ?????ä¸??????? (2016å¹?2020å¹?) 对è?äº??é¢?
69
1.4 ???è¯???¹æ?
??? ç»??ä¹???ºå??·ç?ç»??ï¼??ä¸??ç»??å¢??大é??????
èµ??ç§?´¯ï¼?????¨è?ç´??产ç???????å°±æ?说ï?ä¸??
?¨ç??????¹´?¶é????ä¸??ä»???????è´?©·???å®? ä¸???¶æ????æµ??å±??è¦???¹æ??¨è?ç´??产ç?ï¼????
è½????¸ºç¬??大ç?æµ??????½æ?èµ??ä»??ä¸??ç»? ???ç»??å¢??å¼??????¨ç?产ç????é«???¨å??????
æµ???¿ç????ç»???¨å?ï¼??ä¸?????ä½?????å¢??产ç? ?©ç????å°???³é?è¦??è¿?????æ±??ä¸?æ¥æ?é«???¥æ°´
??¤§å½±å????份é??·å½±??????ç©¶è????示ï??½æ?ä¼?? å¹³ç?ç»??ä½??é¡»é?对ç???大æ????ä¸???¸ºäº???°æ???
??·¥ç¼ºä?å·¥ä??¨å?ï¼???´ç?产ç?è¾??ï¼???¨å?è½?§»?°ç? ä¸??å¹´ç???»å¢??ï¼?¸?½ä?ä½??è¦??é«????°´å¹³å?äº?
?¥é??¨å?ï¼??产ç?å¾??大å?åº???? (Zheng et al.)??? ???????????è¦??è¡??æ²»æ??©ï?è½???¿å?è§??ï¼??
大é???????ä¸??20ä¸?ºª90年代ä¸?????è¡??ç§???? ?°ç?æµ??å±??平衡????°ç?æµ??å±??平衡??è¦???¨å?
ä½???¹é?ï¼?????100å¤?º¿å®¶ä??????21ä¸?ºª???30 ??ï¼?½¿?½å?æ¶?´¹???èµ????åº???ºå????è¿???£ï?ç»?
ä¸??å·?? (Yueh)???2012å¹´ï?ä»???±é??¨å?ç§???? æµ??å¿?????????¡ä? (?????´¸?????) è½?§»ï¼??
?¨è½¬ç§»ç?èµ??对ä¸?½å????产æ?»å?¼ç?è´¡ç???º¦ä¸?8%?? å¿??å¸??è¿??以æ?é«???¥æ°´å¹³ï?ä¿???´å?é¢??对å?å¼?
??20ä¸?ºª90年代ä¸????»¥?¥ï?å¤???´æ???????èµ?? ?¾è??±å?ï¼??è¿?ººæ°??è¿??æ¥å???????å®??以ä???
ä¸??????¾¾?½å?建ç?ç»????³»??å¸????º¢?ºæ?åº????? ???ä¸??ä¹??è¦???°å?è§??åº??æ³???¶åº¦????¨ã??¸
???ä¸??ç»???¾é????è¦???¨å?ä¹???????¼¦???æ²»ç? ?½æ?åº???¶ä???¤§??????ä¸?????è¶??è¶???½å?å¤?
æµ???¢æ???º¦ç¿°â?¢è??¢é??? (John Van Reenen) ???äº? æ°??ä¼??认为??·±èº???????¹³???äº??å¢????让人
大å?ç»??å??座æ????è¾¾â?¢å²³ (Linda Yueh) ???ç©¶ï?å¦? ä»??å§?????¸?½å??ºç????以å?ä¸??è·¨è???¸ç????
??²¡??¸å¤??èµ??ä¸???¥è?????½¬ç§»ï?ä»??èµ?????ä¸? ?½å??·è?????½å????è°???¸ç???¥å?å®¶é??±â?????
???ï¼?¸?½å????产æ?»å?¼å¹´???????½æ?å®??å¹´å???? ???ä¸??æµ??人å??¶å?è¾¾å?ä¸???¶å?æ°´å¹³???ç»????
0.43??1ä¸??????????º¢?ºæ?åº??对ç???????模仿 å±??å§??ç¼???³å?æ»???¸?½è?????¶ä?为ç?æµ??级大
???è¦????º§?? (TFP) ???????½å?ä¸??ä¹???°ä???? ?½ç?æ½??ï¼????è¦???©é©±?¨ç?产å??????¾®è§??æµ??
äº???´ã????????ä¾???????????æ? (???äº???½æ? ç´??ä¹??è¦?¤§å¹?º¦è°??å½?????è§??æµ???? (Yueh)??
èµ?) ?¨å????è¦????º§????½å???º§?»å?¼å????è´¡ç???
çº?¸º5-14% (Van Reenen and Yueh)?? ??1978å¹´æ??©å??¾ä»¥?¥ï?ä¸??ç»??ä»?????æµ??
?¶è½¬???å¸??ç»??ä½??ï¼???°ä?ç»??社ä???¿«???å±???
ä¸??ç»??å¢???´å???è¿??å¹´ä??¶ä»¥?³å?å¯????¸º ä¸????¹´??????产æ?»å?¼å????å¹´ä?????¥è?10%??
主ï??ºå?èµ?????æ°´å¹³å¾???????©¶äººå?ä¼°è?ï¼?¸?? æ°´å¹³ï¼?¸º???以æ?ä¸??ä¸?¤§???æµ??å®?????å¿??ç»??
?½å???º§?»å?¼å??¿çº¦??10%-20%???å½??äº???¨å? ???å¹¶ä?å¸????º¿å¤?ºº?£æ??±ä?è´????¸?½å?2015å¹?
å¢??ï¼?º¦??????å½??äº????§¯ç´????????·¥äº? (?³äºº å®??äº??????????¹´??????ï¼???¨ç???¹´??????
?????) 对å????产æ?»å?¼ç?è´¡ç???????é¡»æ?æ¸?????? ????°ä??ºä???¤§è´¡ç?????¶è?2012年以?¥ä¸?½ç?ç»?
?¢è?ä¹???³å?????¿å¹¶ä¸??ä»???°é?å¢??ï¼???¨å??? æµ????????¾ç?ï¼????????????????¡¡???令人
è´¨é?ä¹???³é?è¦???????å®¶è?为ï?ä¾?????ç¨?º¦??? ?©ç???¸?½ä???2008å¹´å????????ºä»¥?¥å?ä¸??ç»??
?????°´å¹³è?æ¥é©±?¨ç?ç»??å¢???´å??½æ?ç»???ºº??? è´¡ç???大ç??½å???????ä¸??ä¾?????ä¸??å±?¸?½å?ï¼?
???ä¸??ç»??å¢????´¡?????11%??15%ä¹?????å°? 人å??¶å?æ°´å¹³ä»??ä½????¾¾?½å?ï¼???ºå??¹é?ä¹?????
???ï¼??ç´?§¯ç´? (èµ??????¨å?) ??????产æ?»å?¼å??? ??????§ä¸?½ç?????½å??¶è´«???ï¼?2015å¹´ä¸?½ä???
?????º¦ä¸?60%-70%??»¼??????è§??ä»?1979å¹´å? ???è´??人å?5500ä¸?ºº???æµ?¿«???å±??å¸??äº??å¤?
2004å¹´ï?ä¸??å¹´å?人å?产å? (Output per Worker) å¢? ?¶ä????ï¼??å¦??å¹³ç??????¿«???å¸?????å¢????»
??¸º7.3%ï¼??ä¸?3.2ä¸??????¥è?èµ??ç§?´¯ï¼?3.6ä¸?? ?§å?å¤??失衡ç???¸?½ä???¸´??人å????????½å??³å?
????¥è??¨è?ç´??产ç???20ä¸?ºª90年代???ä¸??å¼?å§? ????¨æ??¢ç??????¸ºäº???°å???»???æµ???¿ï?ä¸?
å®???©å¤§å¯¹å?å¼??¾æ?ç????2012年人??º§?ºå????é«? ?½é?è¦??è¡?¤§å¹?º¦???ç???´ã???éª??示ï?ä»?¸ç??
??8.5%ï¼????è¶£ç????èµ??ç§?´¯è´¡ç??????4.2ä¸?? ?¥å?é«???¥å?å®¶è?渡ï??¾åº¦ä¼?¤§äº??ä½???¥å?ä¸????
???ï¼??è¿???¨è?ç´??产ç???´¡????»¥ä¸?¼°ç®?¡¨??? ?¥å?å®¶è?渡ã??¸?½ç????äº??????? (2011å¹?2015
ä¸??ç»??å¢??çº??ä¸????å½??äº????§¯ç´????ä»??ç©? å¹?) ?????ä¸??????? (2016å¹?2020å¹?) 对è?äº??é¢?
69

